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But on another device mAP 2n the link works and points to mikrotik website download location. Did you include the NTP server package when you updated? Is it enabled? I have found that the NTP client page in Winbox is different if the NTP package is installed. I find that the information in the NTP client that is available without the NTP server installed to be quite useful. All I get in winbox if the NTP server is ins. DHCP Server On Mikrotik Router DHCP server is a protocol that enables any computer equipment in the local network to get an IP Address automatically.

• Sntp Client Mikrotik
• Ntp Server
• Mikrotik Ntp Server Package Download Pages
• Local Ntp Server

• 5Examples

Summary

RouterOS supports a lot of different features and since every installation requires specific set of features supprted it is possible to add or remove certain groups of features using package system. As result user is able to control what features are available and size of installation. Packages are provided only by MikroTik and no 3rd parties are allowed to make them.

Acquiring packages

Packages can be downloaded from MikroTik download page or mirrors listed on that page. Either of provided download methods can be used.

RouterOS packages

For a simple home router, only the system package is needed for basic operation. Other packages are optional. The DHCP package might be the next most important, if your ISP provides IP addresses using this method. PPP is needed if you require PPPoE or PPTP for connectivity. Other packages are not required for a home router, and are completely optional. Install them only if you are sure of their purpose.

Note: Since v6.44beta39 security package depends on DHCP package.

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Working with packages

Menu:/system package

Commands executed in this menu will take place only on restart of the router. Until then, user can freely schedule or revert set actions.

Examples

Upgrade process is described here.

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List available packages

Uninstall package

Schedules package for uninstallation and reboots router.

Disable package

Downgrade

Cancel uninstall or disable action

This document applies to the MikroTik RouterOS™ V2.6

MikroTik RouterOS™ is independent Linux-based Operating System for PC-basedrouters and thinrouters. It does not require any additional components and hasno software prerequirements. It is designed with easy-to-use yet powerfulinterface allowing network administrators to deploy network structures and functions,that would require long education elsewhere simply by following the ReferenceManual (and even without it).

MikroTik RouterOS™ turns a standard PC computer into a network router. Justadd standard network PC interfaces to expand the router capabilities.

·Remote control with easy real-time Windowsapplication (WinBox)

·Telnet/console/serial console control

·Advanced bandwidth control

·Network firewall with packet-filtering,masquerading, network address translation, logging and connection monitoring

·DHCP support

·HotSpot technology

·Ethernet 10/100/1000Mb/s

·Wireless client and AP 2.4GHz 11 Mb/s

·V.35 synchronous 5Mb/s with frame-relay

·Asynch PPP/RADIUS (up to 32 ports) for modempools

·Cyclades andLMC DS3 with E1/T1 support

·IP Telephony Gateway

·Built-in Web-proxy

·And much more

The Guide describes the basic steps of installing and configuring adedicated PC router running MikroTik RouterOS™. The following sections areincluded in this Guide:

Downloading and Installing the MikroTikRouterOS™

The download and installation process of the MikroTikRouterOS™ is described in the following diagram:

1. Download the basic installation archivefile.

Depending on the desired media to be used for installing theMikroTik RouterOS™ please chose one of the following archive types fordownloading:

• ISO image of the installation CD, if you have a CD writer for creating CDs. The ISO image is in the MTcdimage_v2-6-x_dd-mmm-yyyy.zip archive file containing a bootable CD image. The CD will be used for booting up the dedicated PC and installing the MikroTik RouterOS™ on its hard-drive or flash-drive.
• MikroTik Disk Maker, if you want to create 3.5' installation floppies. The Disk Maker is a self-extracting archive DiskMaker_v2-6-x_dd-mmm-yyyy.exe file, which should be run on your Win95/98/NT4/2K/XP workstation to create the installation floppies. The installation floppies will be used for booting up the dedicated PC and installing the MikroTik RouterOS™ on its hard-drive or flash-drive.
• MikroTik Disk Maker in a set of smaller files, if you have problems downloading one large file.
• Netinstall, if you want to install RouterOS™ over a LAN with one floppy boot disk

Note! The installation from CD or network requires Full (paid)License. If you intend to obtain the Free Demo License, you should use thefloppy installation media.

2. Create the installation media

Use the appropriate installation archive to create theInstallation CD or floppies.

• For the CD, write the ISO image onto a blank CD.
• For the floppies, run the Disk Maker on your Windows workstation to create the installation floppies. Follow the instructions and insert the floppies in your FDD as requested, label them as Disk 1,2,3, etc.

3. Install the MikroTik RouterOS™software.

Your dedicated PC router hardware should have:

• An advanced 4th generation (core frequency 100MHz or more), 5th generation (Intel Pentium, Cyrix 6X86, AMD K5 or comparable) or newer Intel IA-32 (i386) compatible motherboard and processor (dual processors are not supported);
• from 32MB to 1GB RAM (from 48MB suggested);
• 30MB or more PRIMARY MASTER IDE HDD or IDE flashdrive. Note: The hard disk will be entirely reformatted during the installation and all data on it will be lost!
• A network adapter (NE2000 compatible PCI or ISA Ethernet card, or any other supported NIC, see specifications of supported interfaces on our web page);

Note that you can move the hard drive with MikroTikRouterOS™ installed to a new hardware without loosing a license, but you cannotmove the RouterOS™ to a different hard drive without purchasing an anotherlicense (except hardware failure situations). For additional information writeto key-support@mikrotik.com

For installation purposes (and only for that time) you should also have:

• A SECONDARY MASTER CD drive set as primary boot device, if you want to use the created CD for installing the MikroTik RouterOS™ onto the primary master HDD;
• A 3.5' FDD set as primary boot device, if you want to use the created set of floppies for installing the MikroTik RouterOS™;
• A monitor and keyboard for installation and initial setup of the MikroTik Router. The monitor and keyboard do not need to be connected to the router after it is set up for connecting to it over the network.

Boot up your dedicated PC router from the Installation Mediayou created and follow the instructions on the console screen while the HDD isreformatted and MikroTik RouterOS™ installed on it.

After successful installation please remove the installation media from yourCD or floppy disk drive and hit 'Enter' to reboot the router. While the routerwill be starting up for the first time you will be given a Software IDfor your installation and asked to supply a valid software license key (SoftwareKey) for it. Write down the Software ID. You will need it to obtain theSoftware License through the MikroTik Account Server.

If you need extra time to obtain the Software License Key, you may want topower off the router. Type shutdown in the Software key prompt and powerthe router off when the router is halted.

Obtaining the Software License

The MikroTik RouterOS™ Software licensing process isdescribed in the following diagram:

After installing the router and starting it up for the first time you willbe given a Software ID.

1. Write down the Software ID reported by the RouterOS™.
2. If you have an account with MikroTik, follow to the next step.
   If you do not have an account at www.mikrotik.com, just press the 'New' button on the upper right-hand corner of the MikroTik's web page to create your account.

You will be presented with the Account Sign-UpForm where you chose your account name and fill in the required information.

3. To obtain the Software License Key, log on to your account at www.mikrotik.com entering your account name and password (upper right-hand corner on this webpage), for example:

4. After logging on to the Account Server select 'Free Demo License' or 'Order Software License' in the Account Menu.

Note! The CD or Netinstall installationcannot be 'unlocked' with the Free Demo Key. Use the Floppy installation, or,purchase the License Key.

5. The Software Key will be sent to the email address, which has been specified in your account setup.
6. Read your email and enter the Software Key at the router's console, for example:

Instead of entering the license key you can enter shutdownto shut down the router and enter the license key later, or enter displayto read the License Agreement, or help to see a help message.

After entering the correct Software License Key you will be presented withthe MikroTik Router's login prompt.

Logging into the MikroTik Router

When logging into the router via terminal console, you willbe presented with the MikroTik RouterOS™ login prompt. Use 'admin' and nopassword (hit 'Enter') for logging on to the router for the first time, forexample:

The password can be changed with the /password command.

Adding Software Packages

The basic installation comes with only the'system' package and few other packages. This includes basic IProuting and router administration. To have additional features such as IPTelephony, OSPF, wireless, and so on, you will need to download additionalsoftware packages.

The additional software packages should have the same version as thesystem package. If not, the package wont be installed. Please consult theMikroTik RouterOS™ Software Package Installation and Upgrading Manual for moredetailed information about installing additional software packages.

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Software Licensing Issues

If you want to upgrade to a 'paid' version of your MikroTikRouterOS™ installation, please purchase the new Software License KEY for theSoftware ID you used when getting the 'free' demo license. Similarly, ifadditional license is required to enable the functionality of a softwarepackage, the license should be obtained for the Software ID of your system. Thenew key should be entered using the /system license set key command, andthe router should be rebooted afterwards:

If there is no appropriate license, the appropriate interfaces wont show upunder the interface list, even though the packages can be installed on theMikroTik RouterOS™ and corresponding drivers loaded.

After logging into the router you will be presented with theMikroTik RouterOS™ Welcome Screen and command prompt, for example:

The command prompt shows the identity name of the router and the currentmenu level, for example:

The list of available commands at any menu level can be obtained by enteringthe question mark '?', for example:

The list of available commands and menus has short descriptions next to theitems. You can move to the desired menu level by typing its name and hittingthe [Enter] key, for example:

A command or an argument does not need to be completed, if it is notambiguous. For example, instead of typing 'interface' you can type just 'in' or'int'. To complete a command use the [Tab] key.

The commands may be invoked from the menu level, where they are located, bytyping its name. If the command is in a different menu level than the currentone, then the command should be invoked using its full or relative path, forexample:

The commands may have arguments. The arguments have their names and values.Some arguments, that are required, may have no name. Below is a summary onexecuting the commands and moving between the menu levels:

You can abbreviate names of levels, commands and arguments.

For the IP address configuration, instead of using the 'address' and'netmask' arguments, in most cases you can specify the address together withthe number of bits in the network mask, i.e., there is no need to specify the'netmask' separately. Thus, the following two entries would be equivalent:

However, if the netmask argument is not specified, you must specifythe size of the network mask in the address argument, even if it is the 32-bitsubnet, i.e., use 10.0.0.1/32 for address 10.0.0.1 and netmask 255.255.255.255

The MikroTik router can be accessed remotely using

• the telnet protocol, for example, using the telnet client of your Windows or Unix workstation. Working with the telnet console is the same as working with the monitor and keyboard attached to the router locally.
• the ftp for uploading the software upgrade packages or retrieving the exported configuration files.
• the http and WinBox Console, for example, using the web browser of your workstation.

Overview

The Winbox Console is used for accessing the MikroTik Routerconfiguration and management features using graphical user interface.

All Winbox interface functions are as close as possible to Consolefunctions: all Winbox functions are exactly in the same place in TerminalConsole and vice versa (except functions that are not implemented in Winbox).That is why there are no Winbox sections in the manual.

The Winbox Console plugin loader, the winbox.exe program, can be retrievedfrom the MikroTik router, the URL is http://router_address/winbox/winbox.exe Useany web browser on Windows 95/98/ME/NT4.0/2000/XP to retrieve the router's webpage with the mentioned link.

The winbox plugins are cached on the local disk for each MikroTik RouterOS™version. The plugins are not downloaded, if they are in the cache, and therouter has not been upgraded since the last time it has been accessed.

Starting the Winbox Console

When connecting to the MikroTik router via http (TCP port80), the router's Welcome Page is displayed in the web browser, for example:

By clicking on the Winbox Console link you can start the winbox.exedownload. Choose the option 'Run this program from its currentlocation' and click 'OK':

Accept the security warning, if any:

Alternatively, you can save the winbox.exe program to your disk and run itfrom there.

The winbox.exe program opens the Winbox login window. Login to the router byspecifying the IP address, user name, and password, for example:

Watch the download process of Winbox plugins:

The Winbox console is opened after the plugins have been downloaded:

The Winbox Console uses TCP port 3987. After logging on to the router youcan work with the MikroTik router's configuration through the Winbox consoleand perform the same tasks as using the regular console.

Overview of Common Functions

You can use the menu bar to navigate through the router's configurationmenus, open configuration windows. By double clicking on some list items in thewindows you can open configuration windows for the specific items, and so on.

There are some hints for using the Winbox Console:

• To open the required window, simply click on the corresponding menu item.
• To add a new entry you should click on the icon in the corresponding window.
• To remove an existing entry click on the icon.
• To enable an item, click on the icon.
• To disable an item, click on the icon.
• To make or edit a comment for a selected item, click on the icon.
• To refresh the window, click on the icon.
• To undo an action, click on the icon above the main menu.
• To redo an action, click on the icon above the main menu.
• To logout from the Winbox Console, click on the icon.

Troubleshooting for Winbox Console

• Cannot get the MikroTik RouterOS™ Winbox to start. The 'Missing RouterOS Winbox plugins' message is displayed.
  You can try to clear the winbox cache or wipe out the cache folder, and then reload the plugins:
• To clear the winbox plugin cache on your computer, choose the Clear Cache option in the Winbox system menu of the login window:

• To wipe out the winbox plugin cache on your computer, find the cache file location using the registry Key='HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionExplorer ShellFoldersAppData'
  For example, for the user 'Administrator' on W2K, the Winbox folder is under
  C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorApplication DataMikrotik
  On W95/98 the Winbox folder is under C:WindowsApplication DataMikrotik
• I still cannot open the Winbox Console
  The Winbox Console uses TCP port 3987. Make sure you have access to it through the firewall.

Working with Interfaces

Before configuring the IP addresses and routes please checkthe /interface menu to see the list of available interfaces. If you havePCI Ethernet cards installed in the router, it is most likely that the devicedrivers have been loaded for them automatically, and the relevant interfacesappear on the /interface print list, for example:

The device drivers for NE2000 compatible ISA cards need to be loaded usingthe add command under the /drivers menu. For example, to load the driverfor a card with IO address 0x280 and IRQ 5, it is enough to issue the command:

The interfaces need to be enabled, if you want to use them forcommunications. Use the /interface enable name command to enable theinterface with a given name, for example:

You can use the number or the name of the interface in the enablecommand.

The interface name can be changed to a more descriptive one by using the /interfaceset command:

Use of the 'setup' Command

The initial setup of the router can be done by using the /setupcommand which enables an interface, assigns an address/netmask to it, andconfigures the default route. If you do not use the setup command, orneed to modify/add the settings for addresses and routes, please follow thesteps described below.

Adding Addresses

Assume you need to configure the MikroTik router for thefollowing network setup:

Please note that the addresses assigned to different interfaces of therouter should belong to different networks. In the current example we use twonetworks:

• The local LAN with network address 192.168.0.0 and 24-bit netmask 255.255.255.0 The router's address is 192.168.0.254 in this network.
• The ISP's network with address 10.0.0.0 and 24-bit netmask 255.255.255.0 The router's address is 10.0.0.217 in this network.

The addresses can be added and viewed using the followingcommands:

Here, the network mask has been specified in the value of the addressargument. Alternatively, the argument 'netmask' could have been used with thevalue '255.255.255.0'. The network and broadcast addresses were not specifiedin the input since they could be calculated automatically.

Configuring the Default Route

You can see two dynamic (D) and connected (C) routes, whichhave been added automatically when the addresses were added:

These routes show, that IP packets with destination to 10.0.0.0/24 would besent through the interface Public, whereas IP packets with destination to192.168.0.0/24 would be sent through the interface Local. However, you need tospecify where the router should forward packets, which have destination otherthan networks connected directly to the router. This is done by adding the defaultroute (destination 0.0.0.0, netmask 0.0.0.0). In this case it is the ISP'sgateway 10.0.0.1, which can be reached through the interface Public:

Here, the default route is listed under #0. As we see, the gateway 10.0.0.1can be reached through the interface 'Public'. If the gateway was specifiedincorrectly, the value for the argument 'interface' would be unknown. Note,that you cannot add two routes to the same destination, i.e.,destination-address/netmask! It applies to the default routes as well. Instead,you can enter multiple gateways for one destination. For more information on IProutes, please read the relevant topic in the Manual.

If you have added an unwanted static route accidentally, use the removecommand to delete the unneeded one. Do not remove the dynamic (D) routes!They are added automatically and should not be deleted 'by hand'. If you happento, then reboot the router, the route will show up again.

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Testing the Network Connectivity

From now on, the /ping command can be used to testthe network connectivity on both interfaces. You can reach any host on bothconnected networks from the router:

The workstation and the laptop can reach (ping) the router at its localaddress 192.168.0.254, If the router's address 192.168.0.254 is specified asthe default gateway in the TCP/IP configuration of both the workstation and thelaptop, then you should be able to ping the router:

You cannot access anything beyond the router (network 10.0.0.0/24 and theInternet), unless you do the following:

• Use source network address translation (masquerading) on the MikroTik router to 'hide' your private LAN 192.168.0.0/24 (see the information below), or
• Add a static route on the ISP's gateway 10.0.0.1, which specifies the host 10.0.0.217 as the gateway to network 192.168.0.0/24. Then all hosts on the ISP's network, including the server, will be able to communicate with the hosts on the LAN.

To set up routing, it is required that you have someknowledge of configuring TCP/IP networks. There is a comprehensive list of IPresources compiled by Uri Raz at http://www.private.org.il/tcpip_rl.htmlWe strongly recommend that you obtain more knowledge, if you have difficultiesconfiguring your network setups.

Next will be discussed situation with 'hiding' the private LAN192.168.0.0/24 'behind' one address 10.0.0.217 given to you by the ISP.

Application Example with Masquerading

If you want to 'hide' the private LAN 192.168.0.0/24'behind' one address 10.0.0.217 given to you by the ISP, you should use thesource network address translation (masquerading) feature of the MikroTikrouter. Masquerading is useful, if you want to access the ISP's network and theInternet appearing as all requests coming from the host 10.0.0.217 of the ISP'snetwork. The masquerading will change the source IP address and port of thepackets originated from the network 192.168.0.0/24 to the address 10.0.0.217 ofthe router when the packet is routed through it.

Masquerading conserves the number of global IP addresses required and itlets the whole network use a single IP address in its communication with theworld.

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To use masquerading, a source NAT rule with action 'masquerade' should beadded to the firewall configuration:

Please consult the Firewall Manual for more information onmasquerading.

Application Example with BandwidthManagement

Mikrotik RouterOS™ V2.6 offers extensive queue management.For information on queue management, please refer to the relevant manual.

Assume you want to limit the bandwidth to 128kbps on downloads and 64kbps onuploads for all hosts on the LAN. Bandwidth limitation is done by applyingqueues for outgoing interfaces regarding the traffic flow. It is enough to addtwo queues at the MikroTik router:

Leave all other parameters as set by default. The limit is approximately128kbps going to the LAN and 64kbps leaving the client's LAN. Please note, thatthe queues have been added for the outgoing interfaces regarding the trafficflow.

Please consult the Queues Manual for more information on bandwidthmanagement and queuing.

Application Example with NAT

Assume we have moved the server in our previous examplesfrom the public network to our local one:

The server'would have been s address now is 192.168.0.4, and we are runningweb server on it that listens to the TCP port 80. We want to make it accessiblefrom the Internet at address:port 10.0.0.217:80. This can be done by means ofStatic Network Address translation (NAT) at the MikroTik Router. The Publicaddress:port 10.0.0.217:80 will be translated to the Local address:port192.168.0.4:80. One destination NAT rule is required for translating thedestination address and port:

Please consult the Firewall Manual for more information on NAT.

Local Ntp Server

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